Journal of the American Society of Hypertension - Articles in Press

Hemodynamic and central blood pressure differences between carvedilol and valsartan added to lisinopril at rest and during exercise stress - Corrected Proof

2012-01-20

Abstract: There is little information about the hemodynamic and exercise-response implications of renin-angiotensin system blocker combinations. After a 3-week lisinopril (L; 40 mg/day) run-in, carvedilol (C; 20 then 40 mg/day) or valsartan (V; 160 then 320 mg/day) was added to L for 4 weeks each in a forced-titration, random order-entry crossover study in 30 subjects. Arterial tonometry (central pressures and time-tension index, TTI); impedance cardiography (steady-state hemodynamics), and ultrasound (carotid flow) were performed at rest and during supine bicycle exercise at 30 and 60 watts. At rest, both V and C lowered TTI similarly (7% to 9%, P = .05 compared with L, in part because they lowered blood pressure (3 to 7/3 to 4 mm Hg). V lowered central systolic pressure, augmentation pressure (AP), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR, all P < .02); C lowered heart rate but not central systolic pressure or SVR. During exercise, V persistently lowered central systolic pressure, AP, and SVR, whereas C did not. Neither drug affected exercise responses or carotid blood flow. Adding V or C to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor reduced cardiac workload by different mechanisms: vasodilation and reduced central blood pressure with V and lower heart rate with C.

The effects of blood pressure control levels on the renoprotection of type 2 diabetic patients without overt proteinuria - Corrected Proof

2011-12-26

Abstract: Background: There is little evidence regarding the target blood pressure level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without overt proteinuria.Methods and Results: We followed 608 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes without apparent cardiovascular disease and overt proteinuria who underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging for a mean of 7.5 years. The patients were categorized according to their mean systolic blood pressure during the follow-up period (strict: <130 mm Hg, moderate: ≥130 and <140 mm Hg, poor: ≥ 140 mm Hg). The risks for the primary composite outcome of death or end-stage renal disease were not different among the three groups. The renal risk of the doubling of serum creatinine for the poor group was significantly higher than those in other groups. In addition, among the patients without silent cerebral infarction (SCI), the renal risk was significantly lower in the strict group than in the moderate group. Further, in both the SCI and non-SCI groups, strict blood pressure control slowed the progression of albuminuria.Conclusions: In nonproteinuric diabetic patients without SCI, strict blood pressure control was associated with improved renal outcomes. There may be different effects of intensive blood pressure control on the renoprotection of diabetic patients according to their complications.

Association between circulating specific leukocyte types and incident chronic kidney disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study - Corrected Proof

2011-11-04

Abstract: Progressive renal fibrosis is a characteristic of all the diseases that cause renal failure and is invariably accompanied by a prominent leukocyte infiltration in the kidney. The goal of this study was to determine the association between the circulating specific leukocyte types and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). In a cohort of 10,056 middle-aged white and African American adults, levels of circulating neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were measured at baseline; blood pressure (BP) and serum creatinine were measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated at baseline and 3 and 9 years later; and surveillance for first hospitalization or death with CKD was carried out over a mean follow-up of 7.4 years (maximum, 11.9 years). Increased neutrophil levels and decreased lymphocyte levels were significantly associated with greater CKD incidence after adjustment for covariates. African Americans tended to have similar but stronger patterns of association between circulating leukocytes and CKD incidence than whites, although the differences between race groups were not statistically significant. We also found that eGFR and BP were higher at each visit in African Americans than whites between ages 45 and 65. These findings support a potential role for circulating specific leukocytes in the pathogenesis of kidney dysfunction, especially in African Americans, indicating the leukocyte-related renal mechanism of essential hypertension (HT).

Efficacy and safety of triple-combination therapy with olmesartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide in study participants with hypertension and diabetes: a subpopulation analysis of the TRINITY study - Corrected Proof

2011-10-28

Abstract: Background: Most patients with hypertension and diabetes require two or more antihypertensive agents to achieve the recommended blood pressure (BP) goal of <130/80 mm Hg. This prespecified subgroup analysis from the TRIple Therapy with Olmesartan Medoxomil, Amlodipine, and Hydrochlorothiazide in HyperteNsIve PatienTs StudY assessed the efficacy and safety of triple-combination treatment (olmesartan medoxomil 40/amlodipine besylate 10/hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg) versus the component dual-combination treatments according to diabetes status (diabetes; non-diabetes).Methods: Participants received dual-combination treatment for 4 weeks or placebo for 2 weeks. Participants receiving placebo switched to dual-combination treatment from week 2 to week 4. At week 4, participants switched to triple-combination treatment or continued on dual-combination treatment until week 12.Results: The prespecified changes in BP from baseline for the diabetes subgroup receiving triple-combination treatment were greater than the respective dual-combination treatments (P ≤ .0013). Also, more participants with diabetes receiving triple-combination treatment reached BP goal (<130/80 mm Hg) versus those receiving dual-combination treatments (P ≤ .0092). In a post hoc analysis, significantly greater proportions of study participants with diabetes achieved BP targets with triple-combination treatment compared with each dual-combination treatment. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate in severity.Conclusions: In participants with hypertension and diabetes, triple-combination treatment led to greater BP reductions and enabled greater proportions of participants to reach BP goal versus the dual-combination treatments. Triple-combination treatment was well tolerated in both diabetes and non-diabetes subgroups.