Journal of the American Society of Hypertension
Volume 2, Issue 6 , Pages 448-454 , November 2008

Thirty-year survival for black and white hypertensive individuals in the Evans County Heart Study and the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program

  • Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH, Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, Charleston, South Carolina 29425. Tel: 843-876-1141; fax: 843-876-1143
  • ,
  • Brent M. Egan, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
  • ,
  • William K. Mountford, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
  • ,
  • Andrea D. Boan, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
  • ,
  • Denis A. Evans, MD

      Affiliations

    • Rush Institute for Health Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • ,
  • Gregory Gilbert, MSPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
  • ,
  • Daniel L. McGee, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA

Received 26 February 2008 ,Accepted 20 May 2008.

References 

  1. Tyroler HA, Heyden S, Bartel A, Cassel J, Cornoni JC, Hames CG, et al. Blood pressure and cholesterol as coronary heart disease risk factors. Arch Intern Med. 1971;128:907–914
  2. Lackland DT, Keil JE, Gazes PC, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Outcomes of black and white hypertensive individuals after 30 years of follow-up. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1995;17:1091–1105
  3. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. II (Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mm Hg). JAMA. 1970;213:1143–1152
  4. Epstein FH, Ostrander LD, Johnson BC, Payne MW, Hayner NS, Keller JB, et al. Epidemiological studies of cardiovascular disease in a total community — Tecumseh, Michigan. Ann Intern Med. 1965;62:1170–1187
  5. Stamler J, Stamler R, Rhomberg P, Dyer A, Berkson DM, Reedus W, et al. Multivariate analysis of the relationship of six variables to blood pressure: findings from Chicago community surveys, 1965–1971. J Chronic Dis. 1975;28:499–525
  6. Keys A, Taylor HL, Blackburn H, Brozek J, Anderson JT, Simonson E. Coronary heart disease among Minnesota business and professional men followed fifteen years. Circulation. 1963;28:381–395
  7. Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension (Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg. Veteran Administration). JAMA. 1967;202:1028–1034
  8. Kirkendall WM, Burton AC, Epstein FH, Freis ED. Recommendations for human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometers. Circulation. 1967;36:980–988
  9. Langford HG, Payne G, Remington RD, Stamler J. The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. In:  Paul O editors. The Epidemiology and Control of Hypertension. 1:New York: Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book Corp; 1975;p. 663–672
  10. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. I (Mortality by race-sex and age. Reduction of mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension). JAMA. 1979;242:2562–2571
  11. Daugherty SA. Mortality findings beyond five years in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP). J Hypertens. 1988;6:S597–S601
  12. Davis BR, Ford CE, Remington RD, Stamler R, Hawkins CM. The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program design, methods, and baseline characteristics and blood pressure response of the study population. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1986;29:S11–S28
  13. Curb JD, Ford CE, Pressel S, Palmer M, Babcock C, Tyroler HA. Ascertainment of vital status through the National Death Index and the Social Security Administration. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;121:754–766
  14. Hames CG. Evans County Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiologic Study (Introduction). Arch Int Med. 1971;128:883–886
  15. Johnson JL, Heineman EF, Heiss G, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality among black women and white women aged 40–64 years in Evans County, Georgia. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;123:209–220
  16. Ong KL, Cheung BMY, Man YB, Lau CP, Lam KSL. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999–2004. Hypertension. 2007;49:69–75
  17. HDFP Cooperative Group. Five-year findings of the HDFP. I (Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension). JAMA. 1979;242:2562–2571
  18. HDFP Cooperative Group. Five-year findings of the HDFP. II (Mortality by race-sex and age). JAMA. 1979;242:2572–2577
  19. Smith EO, Hardy J, Cutter GR, Curb JD, Hawkins CM. Application of survival analysis techniques to evaluation of factors affecting compliance in clinical trials of hypertension control. Control Clin Trials. 1980;1:59–69
  20. HDFP Cooperative Group. Five-year findings of the HDFP. III (Reduction in stroke incidence among persons with high blood pressure). JAMA. 1982;247:633–638
  21. Hardy RJ, Hawkins CM. The impact of selected indices of antihypertension therapy on all cause mortality. Am J Epidemiol. 1983;117:566–574
  22. HDFP Cooperative Group. Blood pressure studies in 14 communities: a two-stage screen for hypertension. JAMA. 1977;237:2385–2391
  23. Banegas JR, Segura J, Sobrino J, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, de la Sierra A, de la Cruz JJ, et al. Effectiveness of blood pressure control outside the medical setting. Hypertension. 2007;49:62–68
  24. Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (A cooperative study). JAMA. 1977;237:255–261
  25. The 1980 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1980;140:1280–1285
  26. The 1984 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:1047–1057
  27. The 1988 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:1023–1038
  28. The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V). Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:154–183
  29. The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2413–2446
  30. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–2572

 This study was supported by a Research Grant from Novartis and the Black Pooling Project NHLBI 1R01HL072377.

 Conflict of interest: none.

PII: S1933-1711(08)00095-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2008.05.007

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension
Volume 2, Issue 6 , Pages 448-454 , November 2008