Achieving blood pressure control in clinical practice

These pooled data show that the weighted mean differences of SBP between randomized groups are directly related to differences in the RR of stroke or CHD. CHD, coronary heart disease; RR, relative risk; SBP, systolic blood pressure. Reprinted with permission from Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2003;362:1527–35.³

The mean SBP and DBP control achieved at baseline (trial entry) and after treatment in patients with essential hypertension. ALLHAT, Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial; ANBP2, Australian National Blood Pressure Study Group; CAPPP, Captopril Prevention Project; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HOPE, Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Trial; HOT, Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study; INSIGHT, International Nifedipine GITS Study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment; INVEST, International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study; LIFE, Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension Study; NORDIL, Nordic Diltiazem Study; PROGRESS, Perindopril Protection against Recurrent Stroke Study; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCOPE; STONE, Shanghai Trial Of Nifedipine in the Elderly; STOP2, Stent vs. Thrombolysis for Occluded Coronary Arteries in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction 2 Study. Adapted from Mancia G, Grassi G. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure control in antihypertensive drug trials. J Hypertens 2002;20:1461–64.⁵

The three phases in the evolution of hypertension. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium-channel blocker; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SNS, sympathetic nervous system.

The effect of telmisartan or ramipril on early morning and 24-hour BP control. BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure. Adapted from Williams B, Gosse P, Lowe L, Harper R, on behalf of the PRISMA I Study Group. The prospective, randomized, investigation of the safety and efficacy of telmisartan vs. ramipril using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (PRISMA I). J Hypertens 2006;24:193–200.¹⁸