Journal of the American Society of Hypertension
Volume 1, Issue 3 , Pages 169-177 , May 2007

Large arteries and the kidney

  • Michel E. Safar, MD

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
    • Diagnosis Center, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Michel E. Safar, MD, Diagnosis Center, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 1, place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75181 Paris Cedex 04, France. Tel: 00-33-1-42-34-80-25; fax: 00-33-1-42-34-86-32.
    • ,
  • Tewfik Nawar, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
    • ,
  • Gérard E. Plante, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
    • Department of Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
    • Department of Pharmacology, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
    • Institute of Geriatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

Received 29 November 2006 ,Accepted 28 February 2007.

References 

  1. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, et al. Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Hypertension. 2003;42:1050–1065
  2. Shlipak MG, Fried LF, Cushman M, et al. Cardiovascular mortality risk in chronic kidney disease: comparison of traditional and novel risk factors. JAMA. 2005;293:1737–1745
  3. Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention End point reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359:995–1003
  4. Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Boch J, Davies R, Dagenais G The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145–153
  5. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al. Collaborative Study Group Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:851–860
  6. Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH, et al. Progression of chronic kidney disease: the role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: a patient-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:244–252
  7. Youshauddin M, Bakris GL. The kidney and hypertension. In:  Battegay EJ,  Lip GYH,  Bakris GL editor. Hypertension, principles and practice. New York, New York: Taylor & Francis; 2005;p. 255–268
  8. Safar ME, Blacher J, Pannier B, et al. Central pulse pressure and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Hypertension. 2002;39:735–738
  9. London GM, Guerin AP, Marchais SJ, Pannier B, Safar ME, Day M, et al. Cardiac and arterial interactions in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int. 1996;50:600–608
  10. London GM, Guerin AP, Pannier B, Marchais SJ, Safar ME. Large artery structure and function in hypertension and end-stage renal disease. J Hypertens. 1998;16:1931–1938
  11. Hope SA, Tay DB, Meredith IT, Cameron JD. Waveform dispersion, not reflection, may be the major determinant of aortic pressure wave morphology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;289:H2497–H2502
  12. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Samak MJ. Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32(Suppl 3):S112–S119
  13. Jono S, McKee MD, Murry CE, et al. Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Circ Res. 2000;87:E10–E17
  14. Blumenthal HT, Lansing AI, Wheeler PA. Calcification of the media of the lumen aorta and its relationship to intimal arteriosclerosis, aging and disease. Am J Pathol. 1944;20:665–687
  15. Saglikes Y, Massry SG, Iseki K, et al. Effect of phosphate depletion on blood pressure and vascular reactivity to norepinephrine and angiotensin II in the rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 1985;248:F93–F99
  16. Blacher J, Guerin A, Pannier B, Marchais S, Safar M, London G. Impact of aortic stiffness on survival in end-stage renal failure. Circulation. 1999;99:2434–2439
  17. Guerin AP, Blacher J, Pannier B, Marchais S, Safar M, London G. Impact of aortic stiffness attenuation on survival of patients in end-stage renal failure. Circulation. 2001;103:987–992
  18. Mourad JJ, Girerd X, Boutouyrie P, Laurent S, Safar M, London G. Increased stiffness of radial artery wall material in end-stage renal disease. Hypertension. 1997;30:1425–1430
  19. Acar C, Jebara V, Porthogese M. Comparative anatomy and histology of the radial artery and the internal thoracic artery: implication for coronary bypass. Surg Radiol Anat. 1991;13:283–288
  20. Amann K, Neususs R, Ritz E, Irzyniec T, Wiest G, Mall G. Changes of vascular architecture independent of blood pressure in experimental uremia. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:409–417
  21. Amann K, Wolf B, Nichols C, et al. Aortic changes in experimental renal failure, hyperplasia or hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells?. Hypertension. 1997;29:770–775
  22. Farand P, Garon A, Plante GE. Structure of large arteries: orientation of elastin in rabbit aortic internal elastic lamina and in the elastic lamellae of aortic media. Microvasc Res. 2007;73:95–99
  23. Mourad JJ, Pannier B, Blacher J, Rudnichi A, Benetos A, London GM, et al. Creatinine clearance, pulse wave velocity, carotid compliance and essential hypertension. Kidney Int. 2001;59:1834–1841
  24. Briet M, Bozec E, Laurent S, et al. Arterial stiffness and enlargement in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2006;69:350–357
  25. Gosse P, Safar ME. Arterial stiffness and plasma creatinine in untreated hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:1140–1145
  26. Benetos A, Adamopoulos C, Bureau JM, et al. Determinants of accelerated progression of arterial stiffness in normotensive subjects and in treated hypertensive subjects over a 6-year period. Circulation. 2002;105:1202–1207
  27. Abedin M, Tintut Y, Demer LL. Vascular calcification: mechanisms and clinical ramifications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:1161–1170
  28. Shanahan CM. Vascular calcification. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2005;14:361–367
  29. Block GA. Control of serum phosphorus: implications for coronary artery calcification and calcific uremic arteriolopathy (calciphylaxis). Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2001;10:741–747
  30. Blacher J, Guerin A, Pannier B, Marchais SJ, London GM, Safar ME. Arterial calcifications, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular risk in end-stage renal disease. Hypertension. 2001;38:938–942
  31. Et-Taouil K, Halle S, Regoli D, Plante GE. Une anomalie du récepteur B2 de la bradykinine précède l’apparition de l’hypertension artérielle chez le rat spontanément hypertendu. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2000;93:40;[abstract]
  32. Plante GE. Urinary phosphate excretion determines the progression of renal disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 1989;27:S128–S132
  33. Essalihi R, Dao HH, Gilbert LA, Bouvet C, Semerjian Y, McKee MD, et al. Regression of medial elastocalcinosis in rat aorta: a new vascular function for carbonic anhydrase. Circulation. 2005;112:1628–1635
  34. Pickkers P, Garcha RS, Schachter M, Smits P, Hugues AD. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase accounts for the direct vascular effects of hydrochlorothiazide. Hypertension. 1999;33:1043–1048
  35. Relman AS, Lennon EJ, Lemann J. Endogenous production of fixed acid and the measurement of the net balance of acid in normal subjects. J Clin Invest. 1961;40:1621–1630
  36. Dao HH, Essalihi R, Graillon JF, Lariviere R, De Champlain J, Moreau P. Pharmacological prevention and regression of arterial remodeling in a rat model of isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens. 2002;20:1597–1606
  37. Dao HH, Essalihi R, Bouvet C, Moreau P. Evolution and modulation of age-related medial elastocalcinosis: impact on large artery stiffness and isolated systolic hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;66:307–317
  38. Bouvet C, Gilbert LA, Girardot D, Deblois D, Moreau P. Different involvement of extracellular matrix components in small and large arteries during chronic NO synthase inhibition. Hypertension. 2005;45:432–437
  39. Safar ME, Plante GE, London GM. Vascular compliance and blood volume in essential hypertension. In:  Laragh JH,  Brenner BM editor. Hypertension, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. New York, New York: Raven Press; 1995;p. 377–388
  40. Labat C, Lacolley P, Lajemi M, De Gasparo M, Safar ME, Benetos A. Effects of valsartan on mechanical properties of the carotid artery in spontaneously hypertensive rats under high-salt diet. Hypertension. 2001;38:439–443
  41. Sanders PW. Salt intake, endothelial cell signaling, and progression of kidney disease. Hypertension. 2004;43:142–146
  42. Safar ME. Systolic hypertension in the elderly: arterial wall mechanical properties and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. J Hypertens. 2005;23:673–681
  43. Bezie Y, Lamaziere JM, Laurent S, Challande P, Cunha RS, Bonnet J, et al. Fibronectin expression and aortic wall elastic modulus in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1027–1034
  44. Susic D, Varagic J, Ahn J, Frohlich ED. Cross-link breakers: a new approach to cardiovascular therapy. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2004;19:336–340
  45. Kass DA, Shapiro EP, Kawaguchi M, Capriotti AR, Scuteri A, Degroof RC, et al. Improved arterial compliance by a novel advanced glycation end-product crosslink breaker. Circulation. 2001;104:1464–1470
  46. Comper WD, Laurent TC. Physiological function of connective tissue polysaccharides. Physiol Rev. 1978;58:255–315
  47. Jackson RL, Busch SJ, Cardin AD. Glycosaminoglycans: molecular properties, protein interactions, and role in physiological processes. Physiol Rev. 1991;71:481–539
  48. Bevan JA. Flow regulation of vascular tone (Its sensitivity to changes in sodium and calcium). Hypertension. 1993;22:273–281
  49. Siegel G, Malmsten M, Klussendorf D, Walter D, Walter A, Schnalke F, et al. Blood flow sensing by anionic biopolymers. J Autonomic Nervous System. 1996;57:207–213
  50. Gandley RE, McLaughlin MK, Koob TJ, Little SA, McGuffee LJ. Contribution of chondroitin-dermatan sulfate-containing proteoglycans to the function of rat mesenteric arteries. Am J Physiol. 1997;273:H952–H960
  51. Et-Taouil K, Lacasse S, Lariviere R, Plante GE. Glycosaminoglycans et propriétés des gros troncs artériels. Med Sci. 2004;20(Suppl 1):22
  52. Et-Taouil K, Schiavi P, Levy BI, Plante GE. Sodium intake, large artery stiffness and proteoglycans in the SHR. Hypertension. 2001;38:1172–1176
  53. Lacolley P, Labat C, Pujol A, Delcayre C, Benetos A, Safar M. Increased carotid wall elastic modulus and fibronectin in aldosterone–salt treated rats—effects of eplerenone. Circulation. 2002;106:2848–2853
  54. Blasi ER, Rocha R, Rudolph AE, Blomme EA, Polly ML, Mcmahon EG. Aldosterone/salt induces renal inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive rats. Kidney Int. 2003;63:1791–1800
  55. Mitchell GF. Increased aortic stiffness: an unfavorable cardiorenal connection. Hypertension. 2004;43:151–153
  56. London GM, Safar ME. Renal hemodynamics in patients with sustained essential hypertension and in patients with unilateral stenosis of the renal artery. Am J Hypertens. 1989;2:244–252
  57. Holstein-Rathlou NH, Marsh DJ. Renal blood flow regulation and arterial pressure fluctuations: a case study in nonlinear dynamics. Physiol Rev. 1994;74:637–681
  58. Essig M, Terzi F, Burtin M, Friedlander G. Mechanical strains induced by tubular flow affect the phenotype of proximal tubular cells. Am J Physiol. 2001;281:F751–F762
  59. Bidani AK, Griffin KA. Pathophysiology of hypertensive renal damage: implications for therapy. Hypertension. 2004;44:595–601
  60. Loutzenhiser R, Bidani A, Chilton L. Renal myogenic response: kinetic attributes and physiological role. Circ Res. 2002;90:1316–1324
  61. Verhave JC, Fesler P, Du Cailar G, Ribstein J, Safar ME, Mimram A. Elevated pulse pressure is associated with low renal function in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension. 2005;45:586–591
  62. Aoun S, Blacher J, Safar ME, Mourad JJ. Diabetes mellitus and renal failure: effects on large artery stiffness. J Hum Hypertens. 2001;15:693–700
  63. Bahous SA, Stephan A, Blacher J. Aortic stiffness, living donors and renal transplantation. Hypertension. 2005;47:216–221
  64. Fehrman-Ekholm I, Elinder CG, Stenbeck M, Tyden G, Groth CG. Kidney donors live longer. Transplantation. 1997;64:976–978
  65. Cortes P, Zhao X, Riser BL, Narins RG. Regulation of glomerular volume in normal and partially nephrectomized rats. Am J Physiol. 1996;270:F356–F370
  66. Safar ME. Systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and arterial stiffness as cardiovascular risk factors. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2001;10:257–261
  67. Hostetter TH, Olson JL, Rennke HG, Venkatachalam MA, Brenner BM. Hyperfiltration in remnant nephrons: a potentially adverse response to renal ablation. Am J Physiol. 1981;241:F85–F93
  68. Plante GE, Alfred J, Chakir M. The blood vessel, linchpin of diabetic lesions. Metabolism. 1999;48:406–409

 This study was supported by INSERM (Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), GPH-CV (Groupe de Pharmacologie et d’Hémodynamique Cardiovasculaire), Paris, and FRSQ (Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec). The authors thank Dr. Anne Safar for helpful and stimulating discussions.Conflict of interest: none.

PII: S1933-1711(07)00062-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2007.02.007

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension
Volume 1, Issue 3 , Pages 169-177 , May 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution